Chapter+8++Brain


 * LEARNING AIDS**
 * Judy**
 * The brain is composed of lobes and hemispheres and also neurons, synapses, and neurotransmitters. The neurons make connections called synapses. Synapses are structures that depend on neurotransmitters which are chemicals that diffuse across a synaptic gap to activate a neuron. (Martinez, 270). My sister suffered from a stroke about five years ago and she seems not to have sustained any permanent damage at all. This is amazing because a stroke happens when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel in the brain is blocked or bursts open.If blood flow is stopped for longer than a few seconds, the brain cannot get blood and oxygen. Brain cells can die, causing permanent damage.**

The short video introduced the nervous system. Help to know the name and structure of parts of the neuron. media type="youtube" key="i-NgGKSNiNw" height="390" width="480"

Neurons (Martinez, 2010, p.254) Yi-Niu


 * Brain Anatomy and Neurotransmition**

This first video, “How the Human Brain Works,” essentially summarizes the “Brain Anatomy and Function” section of chapter eight (Martinez, 2010, pp. 236-253). It discusses the brainstem, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex. It also discusses the different lobes of the cerebral cortex including the occipital lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, and frontal lobe. The narrator summarizes the activities that are typically controlled by each section of the brain. Furthermore, this video discusses the activity of the neurons that make up the brain. Martinez (2010) discusses neurons and their activity in the “Neuroanatomy and Plasticity” section of chapter eight (pp. 254-260). The first video and “Neurons and How They Work” show animations of Synapses and Neurotransmitters. The videos do a great job of demonstrating the process of neurotransmitter movement that is shown in Figure 8.13 of the Martinez textbook (p. 259). Both videos are great visual aids for understanding and remembering the different parts and processes of the brain.

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Raymond Ramirez III


 * RELATED RESEARCH**


 * Dissociation of affective modulation of recollective and perceptual experience following amygdala damage. B.P. Papps, A.J. Calder, A.W. Young, R.E. O'Carroll**

In this research article a 58 year-old woman, named as DR, who has undergone several surgeries on her amygdala and the rear of the hippocampus is given a story in three phases to respond to...emotionally. In the study, there are ten other "healthy" participants with no known damage to the area surrounding or the area in direct proximity to the amygdala. It is almost very predictable from what we already know about the amygdala and its functions what the results of the data would prove from this study. In the story, the participants learn about a mother and son leaving their home to visit the father. In the second part of the story the mother and son are involved in a car accident. Then, in the final phase the mother has to collect the remains of her son from the proper location. The participants are asked questions regarding this story and their responses are recorded in either multple choice or open-ended questions and answers. What would have been expected is that DR would have over or under responded to the death of the son in the story of the car accident, while the other participants would have more controlled responses. However, in this particular study DR did not present any difference in reaction as compared to the other participants, concluding that even though the amygdala was severely damaged in DR, it was only on one side of the organ. This allows us to further support that the brain and its parts can continue on functioning, at times, given the circumstance and the part of the brain that is being required for use. In this case, it is suggested that the emotion of fear, which DR has most difficulty controlling, did not need the part of the amygdala that would set off a response of fear for the given story. Please read on to further your interest in this research study on the amygdala. [|Research on Damaged Amygdala in 58 yr. old Female]

Since we are studying the brain, and my son is diagnosed with a Traumatic Brain Injury, I cannot help but share with you a wonderful author, doctor, and specialist in the area of brain injuries. If possible, I would hope that one day our family will attend the Institutes for Human Potential and possibly even meet Mr. Glenn Doman himself.

[|The Institute for the Achievement of Human Potential] [|WHAT YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT YOUR CHILD'S TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (TBI)] ====in "Unconscious Learning Uses Old Parts of the Brain," the author provides a Swedish study about the learning process in human brian. in this study, the author tries to prove how the unconscious learning, which we learn it without being aware of it, uses the old part in our brain to memorize it. (Martinez, 263) ==== Nourah
 * Submitted by Sabrina L. Allen**
 * P510 - Spring 2011**
 * [|brain]**

This video was done by a student for his psychology class. He was required to build a rat maze. He had the mouse Skeeter do the maze 3 different times. Each time Skeeter did the maze, it improved its time. The concept of the mouse learning the maze is found on pages 264 in our text (Martinez 2010). The concept of learning and brain efficiency, specifically, posteriorization is addressed, when the brain shifts the work from the frontal cortex to other parts of the brain. This occurs when a skilled activity requires less effort. Much like driving a car for people! Rats and a maze learning task are also mentioned on page 263 of Martinez. Deanne
 * WEB LINKS**

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media type="youtube" key="fdSJQQNDZzk" height="390" width="480" This is an excellent video about the resilience and plasticity of the human brain. The 9-year-old girl in this video started having epileptic seizures shortly after her 3rd birthday. Martinez discusses the anatomy of the cerebral cortex on pages 328-239, and the video says it makes up 85% of the brain. Jodie Miller's problems all originated in the right hemisphere of her cerebral cortex, and doctors were forced to remove the entire right hemisphere as a result. After surgery, that side of her brain filled with fluid, and the left hemisphere took over control of the activities normally controlled by the right side (see "crossover logic," Martinez, 240). Erin

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This is a video about the benefits exercise can have on the brain. (Martinez pg 265) Research has shown that older people who are on an exercise regime for six months are able to better remember daily tasks better than those who did not exercise. The medical correspondent also highlighted the possible benefits of exercising for people with early-onset Alzheimers or dementia. (Brittany)